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A year of Axis gains from Case Blue had been wiped out. The Sixth Army of Germany had ceased to exist, and the forces of Germany's European allies, except Finland, had been shattered. [323] In a speech on 9 November 1944, Hitler himself blamed Stalingrad for Germany's impending doom. [324]
Historians have debated whether Stalin was planning an invasion of German territory in the summer of 1941. The debate began in the late 1980s when Viktor Suvorov published a journal article and later the book Icebreaker in which he claimed that Stalin had seen the outbreak of war in Western Europe as an opportunity to spread communist revolutions throughout the continent, and that the Soviet ...
The European theatre of World War II was one of the two main theatres of combat [nb 18] during World War II, taking place from September 1939 to May 1945.The Allied powers (including the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and France) fought the Axis powers (including Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy) on both sides of the continent in the Western and Eastern fronts.
The aerial assault on Stalingrad was the most concentrated on the Ostfront according to Beevor, [1] and was the single most intense aerial bombardment on the Eastern Front at that point. [2] The destruction was monumental and complete, turning Stalingrad into a sea of fire and killing thousands of civilians and soldiers.
The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949. Cambridge: Belknap. ISBN 0-674-78405-7. Petö, Andrea (May 5, 2003). "Memory and the Narrative of Rape in Budapest and Vienna in 1945". In Bessel, Richard; Schumann, Dirk (eds.). Life after Death: Approaches to a Cultural and Social History of Europe.
The Axis order of battle at Stalingrad is a list of the significant land units that fought in the Battle of Stalingrad on the side of the Axis Powers between September 1942 and February 1943. Apart from the twenty divisions of the German Wehrmacht , eighteen Romanian divisions took part in the battle on the Axis side as well.
The plan was for the Red Army to the west of the line to be defeated in a quick military campaign in 1941 before the onset of winter. [5] The Wehrmacht assumed that the majority of Soviet military supplies and the main part of the food and population potential of the Soviet Union existed in the lands that lay to the west of the proposed A-A line. [5]
The German Sixth Army was encircled by the initial Soviet onslaught and was destroyed for the second time (the first time was at the Battle of Stalingrad). On 23 August, King Michael of Romania led a coup d'état against Prime Minister Ion Antonescu ; the new government surrendered to the Allies and declared war on Germany.