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The input impedance for high-impedance amplifiers (such as vacuum tubes, field effect transistor amplifiers and op-amps) is often specified as a resistance in parallel with a capacitance (e.g., 2.2 MΩ ∥ 1 pF).
The input impedance of an infinite line is equal to the characteristic impedance since the transmitted wave is never reflected back from the end. Equivalently: The characteristic impedance of a line is that impedance which, when terminating an arbitrary length of line at its output, produces an input impedance of equal value. This is so because ...
Z-parameters are also known as open-circuit impedance parameters as they are calculated under open circuit conditions. i.e., I x =0, where x=1,2 refer to input and output currents flowing through the ports (of a two-port network in this case) respectively.
In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a circuit. [1]Quantitatively, the impedance of a two-terminal circuit element is the ratio of the complex representation of the sinusoidal voltage between its terminals, to the complex representation of the current flowing through it. [2]
If the resistance is not constant, the previous equation cannot be called Ohm's law, but it can still be used as a definition of static/DC resistance. [4] Ohm's law is an empirical relation which accurately describes the conductivity of the vast majority of electrically conductive materials over many orders of magnitude of current.
In electrical engineering, impedance matching is the practice of designing or adjusting the input impedance or output impedance of an electrical device for a desired value. Often, the desired value is selected to maximize power transfer or minimize signal reflection .
The telegrapher's equations (or just telegraph equations) are a pair of linear differential equations which describe the voltage and current on an electrical transmission line with distance and time. They were developed by Oliver Heaviside who created the transmission line model , and are based on Maxwell's equations .
Because the amplifier input resistance is small, the driver delivers by current division a current v Thév / R S to the amplifier. The current gain is unity, so the same current is delivered to the output load R L , producing by Ohm's law an output voltage v out = v Thév R L / R S , that is, the first form of the voltage gain above.