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Nusantao is an artificial term coined by Solheim, derived from the Austronesian root words nusa "island" and tao "man, people". [1] Solheim's theory is an alternative hypothesis to the spread of the Austronesian language family in Southeast Asia. It contrasts the more widely accepted Out-of-Taiwan hypothesis (OOT) by Peter Bellwood. [1] [2] [3]
In this hypothesis, the first Austronesians reached the Philippines at around 2200 BC from Taiwan, settling the Batanes Islands and northern Luzon. From there, they rapidly spread downwards to the rest of the islands of the Philippines and Southeast Asia, as well as voyaging further east to reach the Northern Mariana Islands by around 1500 BC.
Solheim described his hypothesis as "an attempt to present a framework for the cultural history of the Austronesian speaking peoples" and as an alternative to the traditional framework by Robert Heine-Geldern (1932). Solheim's proposition was that "the homeland of the Nusantao is in the islands of the southern Philippines and eastern Indonesia ...
Peter Bellwood received his BA and PhD from King's College, Cambridge, in 1966 and 1980 respectively.His areas of specialization include the human population history of Southeast Asia and the Pacific from archaeological, linguistic and biological perspectives; the worldwide origins of agriculture and resulting cultural, linguistic and biological developments; and the prehistory of human migration.
In Asia, the most recent late archaic human fossils were found in Thailand (125-100 ka), the Philippines (58-24 ka), Malaysia (c. 40 ka), and Sri Lanka (c.36 ka). [4] The artifacts from these sites include partial skeleton, crania, deep skull, and other related skeletons indicate that modern human migrated to Asia earlier than the western theory might have discussed.
Scientists turn to ancient DNA to understand the history of Easter Island, ... New evidence upends contentious Easter Island theory, scientists say. Katie Hunt, CNN. September 14, 2024 at 12:46 PM ...
Chapter II, Section 3h of the Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997 defines "indigenous peoples" (IPs) and "indigenous cultural communities" (ICCs) as: . A group of people or homogenous societies identified by self-ascription and ascription by others, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since ...
The 'two layer hypothesis', or 'two layer model', states that eastern Asia was initially occupied by Australo-Papuans before being replaced by Neolithic agriculturalists, who possessed East Asian cranial morphology. Cranial morphometrics and dental characteristics of human remains were cited as evidence for the hypothesis.