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Oral candidiasis is the most common fungal infection of the mouth, [78] and it also represents the most common opportunistic oral infection in humans. [79] Infections of the mouth occur in about 6% of babies less than a month old. [7] About 20% of those receiving chemotherapy for cancer and 20% of those with AIDS also develop the disease. [7]
The most common serious fungal infections in people with COVID-19 include aspergillosis and invasive candidiasis. [26] COVID-19–associated mucormycosis is generally less common, but in 2021 was noted to be significantly more prevalent in India.
Th1-type cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is required for clearance of a fungal infection. Candida albicans is a kind of diploid yeast that commonly occurs among the human gut microflora. C. albicans is an opportunistic pathogen in humans. Abnormal over-growth of this fungus can occur, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. [7]
Tinea unguium: fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails, and the nail bed; Tinea corporis: fungal infection of the arms, legs, and trunk; Tinea cruris : fungal infection of the groin area; Tinea manuum: fungal infection of the hands and palm area; Tinea capitis: fungal infection of the scalp and hair; Tinea faciei (face fungus): fungal ...
Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. [2] [3] Symptoms of this infection vary greatly, but the disease affects primarily the lungs. [4] Occasionally, other organs are affected; called disseminated histoplasmosis, it can be fatal if left untreated.
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that causes cryptococcosis, which can lead to pulmonary infection as well as nervous system infections, like meningitis. [25] [26] Histoplasma capsulatum is a species of fungus known to cause histoplasmosis, which can present with an array of symptoms, but often involves respiratory infection. [27] [28]
Ascomycota, including yeasts such as Candida (the most common fungal infection); filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus; Pneumocystis species; and dermatophytes, a group of organisms causing infection of skin and other superficial structures in humans. [5] Basidiomycota, including the human-pathogenic genus Cryptococcus. [6]
Mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by fungi in the order Mucorales. [5] In most cases it is due to an invasion of the genera Rhizopus and Mucor, common bread molds. [30] Most fatal infections are caused by Rhizopus oryzae. [18] It is less likely due to Lichtheimia, and rarely due to Apophysomyces. [31]