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Peripheral artery disease most commonly affects the legs, but other arteries may also be involved, such as those of the arms, neck, or kidneys. [4] [17] Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a form of peripheral vascular disease. Vascular refers to the arteries and veins within the body. PAD differs from peripheral veinous disease. PAD means the ...
When impaired vein function leads to significant symptoms such as oedema (swelling) or venous ulcer formation, the condition is referred to as chronic venous disease. [3] It is also known as chronic peripheral venous insufficiency and should not be confused with post-thrombotic syndrome , a separate condition caused by damage to the deep veins ...
Thrombosis is usually caused by peripheral vascular disease (atherosclerotic disease that leads to blood vessel blockage), while an embolism is usually of cardiac origin. [6] In the United States, ALI is estimated to occur in 14 out of every 100,000 people per year. [7]
Critical limb ischemia is diagnosed by the presence of ischemic rest pain, and an ulcers that will not heal or gangrene due to insufficient blood flow. [3] Insufficient blood flow may be confirmed by ankle-brachial index (ABI), ankle pressure, toe-brachial index (TBI), toe systolic pressure, transcutaneous oxygen measurement (TcpO2 ), or skin perfusion pressure (SPP).
Peripheral vascular disease-ulcer. Treatment varies based on the type of vascular disease being treated. In treating renal artery disease, a 2014 study indicates that balloon angioplasty can improve diastolic blood pressure and potentially reduce antihypertensive drug requirements. [30]
Secondary prevention therapy, which includes high-intensity statins and aspirin, is recommended by multi-society guidelines for all patients with a history of ASCVD (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease) to prevent the recurrence of coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, or peripheral arterial disease.
For coronary artery disease (ischemic heart disease), coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention (coronary balloon angioplasty) are the two primary means of revascularization. [2] When those cannot be done, transmyocardial revascularization or percutaneous myocardial revascularization, done with a laser, may be an option.
Currently, there are no guideline therapies established to treat Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis. There have been more studies as of recently to learn more about the disease and potential pharmacological managements. Recent studies that are showing potential emerging therapies that can help treat arteriosclerosis.
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