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Symptoms of infantile apnea occur most frequently during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep. [4] The nature and severity of breathing problems in patients can be detected in a sleep study called a polysomnography which measures the brain waves, heartbeat, body movements and breathing of a patient overnight. [ 4 ]
Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB) and affects up to 11% of children born at term – it is even more common (3 to 6 times more) in children born pre-term. [65]
Periodic breathing was originally thought to arise from serious neurologic or cardiovascular disease and therefore to carry a poor outlook. It is now known that periodic breathing also tends to occur during sleep, it can occur in healthy persons, and the apnea in periodic breathing is usually central sleep apnea rather than obstructive sleep ...
Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder that affects more than 20 percent of people in the United States. It happens when your breathing temporarily stops while you sleep. Depending on the severity ...
The diving reflex is exhibited strongly in aquatic mammals, such as seals, [1] [4] otters, dolphins, [5] and muskrats, [6] and exists as a lesser response in other animals, including human babies up to 6 months old (see infant swimming), and diving birds, such as ducks and penguins. [1]
Over 50% of infants who are born preterm are estimated to be affected by apnea of prematurity. [2] Infants who are born weighing less than 1000g have close to a 100% risk of being affected by apnea of prematurity. Most premature infants are affected by 'central' apnea due to the developmental stage of their respiratory tract. [2]
Breath-holding spells occur in approximately 5% of the population with equal distribution between males and females. They are most common in children between 6 and 18 months and usually not present after 5 years of age. They are unusual before 6 months of age. A positive family history can be elicited in 25% of cases.
Positive airway pressure (PAP) is a mode of respiratory ventilation used in the treatment of sleep apnea.PAP ventilation is also commonly used for those who are critically ill in hospital with respiratory failure, in newborn infants (), and for the prevention and treatment of atelectasis in patients with difficulty taking deep breaths.