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A formal definition of ε-differential privacy. is a dataset without the privat The 2006 Cynthia Dwork, Frank McSherry, Kobbi Nissim, and Adam D. Smith article [3] introduced the concept of ε-differential privacy, a mathematical definition for the privacy loss associated with any data release drawn from a statistical database. [4]
In graph theory, a clustering coefficient is a measure of the degree to which nodes in a graph tend to cluster together. Evidence suggests that in most real-world networks, and in particular social networks, nodes tend to create tightly knit groups characterised by a relatively high density of ties; this likelihood tends to be greater than the average probability of a tie randomly established ...
Another measure for global sensitivity analysis, in the category of moment-independent approaches, is the PAWN index. [34] It relies on Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDFs) to characterize the maximum distance between the unconditional output distribution and conditional output distribution (obtained by varying all input parameters and by ...
The model can answer questions about the presence of a cause given the presence of an effect (so-called inverse probability) like "What is the probability that it is raining, given the grass is wet?" by using the conditional probability formula and summing over all nuisance variables:
Global Peace Index (GPI) is a report produced by the Australia-based NGO Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) which measures the relative position of nations' and regions' peacefulness. [2] The GPI ranks 163 independent states and territories (collectively accounting for 99.7 per cent of the world's population) according to their levels of ...
The Kaya identity was developed by Japanese energy economist Yoichi Kaya. [1] It is the subject of his book Environment, Energy, and Economy: strategies for sustainability co-authored with Keiichi Yokobori as the output of the Conference on Global Environment, Energy, and Economic Development (1993 : Tokyo, Japan).
I is the Global Moran's I measuring global autocorrelation, I i is local, and N is the number of analysis units on the map. LISAs can be calculated in GeoDa and ArcGIS Pro which uses the Local Moran's I , [ 5 ] [ 6 ] proposed by Luc Anselin in 1995.
Trade openness in 2017 [1]. The trade-to-GDP ratio is an indicator of the relative importance of international trade in the economy of a country. It is calculated by dividing the aggregate value of imports and exports over a period by the gross domestic product for the same period.