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The Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM), or the Malaysian Certificate of Education, is a national examination sat for by all Form 5 secondary school students in Malaysia.It is the equivalent of the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) of England, Wales and Northern Ireland; the Nationals 4/5 of Scotland; and the GCE Ordinary Level (O Level) of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Physics Essays is a quarterly journal supposedly [1] covering theoretical and experimental physics. It was established in 1988 and the editor-in-chief is Emilio Panarella. The journal has a reputation for being a "free forum where extravagant views on physics (in particular, those involving parapsychology ) are welcome". [ 1 ]
Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) is a statistical technique for examining differences in brain activity recorded during functional neuroimaging experiments. It was created by Karl Friston . It may alternatively refer to software created by the Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience at University College London to carry out such analyses.
The International Journal of Modern Physics E was established in 1992. It covers specifically topics on experimental, theoretical and computational nuclear science, and its applications and interface with astrophysics and particle physics. [5] The journal is abstracted and indexed in: Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
The free field model can be solved exactly, and then the solutions to the full model can be expressed as perturbations of the free field solutions, for example using the Dyson series. It should be observed that the decomposition into free fields and interactions is in principle arbitrary.
In long-haul single-channel and DWDM (dense wavelength-division multiplexing) systems, SPM is one of the most important reach-limiting nonlinear effects. It can be reduced by: [12] Lowering the optical power at the expense of decreasing the optical signal-to-noise ratio; Dispersion management, because dispersion can partly mitigate the SPM effect
Steven Weinberg (/ ˈ w aɪ n b ɜːr ɡ /; May 3, 1933 – July 23, 2021) was an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in physics for his contributions with Abdus Salam and Sheldon Glashow to the unification of the weak force and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles.
Essays on Philosophical Subjects, by the Scottish economist Adam Smith, is a history of astronomy until Smith's own era, plus some thoughts on ancient physics and metaphysics. This work was published posthumously (after death), in 1795, using material which Smith had intended to publish but had not prepared at the time of his death in 1790.