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Inside the wastegate actuator, a spring acts to open the wastegate, and oil pressure acts to close the wastegate. On the oil output side of the wastegate actuator sits the density controller, an air-controlled oil valve which senses upper deck pressure and controls how fast oil can bleed from the wastegate actuator back to the engine. As the ...
A 3-port solenoid-type boost controller A 4-port solenoid-type boost controller (used for a dual-port wastegate) The purpose of a boost controller is to reduce the boost pressure seen by the wastegate's reference port, in order to trick the wastegate into allowing higher boost pressures than it was designed for. [1]
The white area on the left side of the scale shows manifold vacuum under normal driving conditions, the short white dash is atmospheric pressure (engine off), the orange scale is where there is safe turbo boost, the red scale is boost above 0.5 - 0.7 bar where the wastegate may be opened or a fuel cut due to overboost may occur.
For twin-cam or DOHC engines, VCT was used on either the intake or exhaust camshaft. (Engines that have VCT on both camshafts are now designated as Ti-VCT.↓) The use of variable camshaft timing on the exhaust camshaft is for improved emissions, and vehicles with VCT on the exhaust camshaft do not require exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) as retarding the exhaust cam timing achieves the same ...
SPOILER ALERT: This article contains major plot details from the finale of Edward Berger’s “Conclave.” Megyn Kelly took to X to criticize Edward Berger’s “Conclave” as a “disgusting ...
Sweet meets savory in Trader Joe's seasonal peppermint-crunch popcorn, which mixes dark- and white-chocolate-coated kernels tossed in crushed candy canes.
A handwritten note atop a baby Jesus figurine, anonymously dropped off at a fire station in Fort Collins, Colorado on Dec. 19, 2024. The figurine had been reported as stolen on Dec. 15, 2024.
The 3S-FE engine is fitted with a cast iron crankshaft, whereas the 3S-GE/GELU engines have forged crankshafts. [11] The 3S-FSE was a direct injection engine with Toyota D4 system. A cam driven high pressure fuel pump is at the #4 end of the head. This engine was only released in Japan, and installed in the Camry (Windom).