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The penumbra (from the Latin paene "almost, nearly" and umbra "shadow") is the region in which only a portion of the light source is obscured by the occluding body. An observer in the penumbra experiences a partial eclipse .
What is the penumbra during an eclipse The second shadow is called the penumbra. According to timeanddate.com, the penumbra is the lighter outer part of the moon’s shadow .
A shadow is a dark area on a surface where light from a light source is blocked by an object. In contrast, shade occupies the three-dimensional volume behind an object with light in front of it. The cross section of a shadow is a two-dimensional silhouette, or a reverse projection of the object blocking the light.
The small area where the umbra touches Earth's surface is where a total eclipse can be seen. The larger light gray area is the penumbra, in which a partial eclipse can be seen. An observer in the antumbra, the area of shadow beyond the umbra, will see an annular eclipse. [20]
Umbra, penumbra and antumbra cast by an opaque object occulting a larger light source. For any two objects in space, a line can be extended from the first through the second. The latter object will block some amount of light being emitted by the former, creating a region of shadow around the axis of the line.
“The Earth will pass between the sun and the moon, creating a shadow that brings the eclipse. The Earth’s penumbra will give most of the moon a reddish-brown color in appearance.”
In addition, for lunar eclipses a similar method is used, in which the shadow is cast on the Moon instead of the Earth. [1]: Chapter 11 Chapter 11 For solar eclipses, the Besselian elements are used to calculate the path of the umbra and penumbra on the Earth's surface, and hence the circumstances of the eclipse at a specific location.
First, the eclipsed body is the Moon and the eclipsing 'body' is the Earth's shadow. Second, since the Earth's shadow at the Moon's distance always is considerably larger than the Moon, a lunar eclipse can never be annular but is always partial or total. Third, the Earth's shadow has two components: the dark umbra and the much brighter penumbra ...