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[12] [13] [14] This means that lower vertebrates can recover from deafness due to hair cell loss. Hair cell loss triggers supporting cells to re-enter the cell cycle . Mitotic ( mitosis ) divisions of quiescent supporting cells in the sensory epithelium of the cochlea give rise to both new hair cells and supporting cells. [ 12 ]
Although the exact process of pathogenesis is unknown, it seems to be related to apoptotic cell death. [12] A study based on splicing morpholinos to down-regulate MsrB3 expression in zebrafish showed shorter, thinner, and more crowded cilia, as well as small, misplaced otoliths. Several stereocilia also underwent apoptosis.
Another type of stress-related hair loss is a hair-pulling disorder known as trichotillomania. It can also be triggered by anxiety and stress, causing some individuals to pull their hair out.
Some motile cilia lack the central pair, and some non-motile cilia have the central pair, hence the four types. [5] [7] Most non-motile cilia, termed primary cilia or sensory cilia, serve solely as sensory organelles. [8] [9] Most vertebrate cell types possess a single non-motile primary cilium, which functions as a cellular antenna.
A ciliopathy is any genetic disorder that affects the cellular cilia or the cilia anchoring structures, the basal bodies, [1] or ciliary function. [2] Primary cilia are important in guiding the process of development, so abnormal ciliary function while an embryo is developing can lead to a set of malformations that can occur regardless of the particular genetic problem. [3]
Cilia occur in all members of the group (although the peculiar Suctoria only have them for part of their life cycle) and are variously used in swimming, crawling, attachment, feeding, and sensation. Ciliates are an important group of protists , common almost anywhere there is water—in lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and soils, including anoxic ...
Neuroregeneration is the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Neuroregenerative mechanisms may include generation of new neurons , glia , axons , myelin , or synapses . Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms involved ...
The hyperplasia of airway basal cells is the earliest indication of smoking-related abnormality in the lung. [4] [1] This is followed by shortened cilia, loss of ciliated cells, mucous cell hyperplasia, and loss of cell junctions giving a leaky epithelial barrier. With persistent stress from smoking, the basal cells become disarranged and lose ...