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Euler derived the formula as connecting a finite sum of products with a finite continued fraction. (+ (+ (+))) = + + + + = + + + +The identity is easily established by induction on n, and is therefore applicable in the limit: if the expression on the left is extended to represent a convergent infinite series, the expression on the right can also be extended to represent a convergent infinite ...
Lagrange's discovery implies that the canonical continued fraction expansion of the square root of every non-square integer is periodic and that, if the period is of length p > 1, it contains a palindromic string of length p − 1. In 1813 Gauss derived from complex-valued hypergeometric functions what is now called Gauss's continued fractions ...
Since e is an irrational number (see proof that e is irrational), it cannot be represented as the quotient of two integers, but it can be represented as a continued fraction. Using calculus, e may also be represented as an infinite series, infinite product, or other types of limit of a sequence.
The following list includes the continued fractions of some constants and is sorted by their representations. Continued fractions with more than 20 known terms have been truncated, with an ellipsis to show that they continue. Rational numbers have two continued fractions; the version in this list is the shorter one.
Since the fact that 0 < θ < 1/2 implies that ω > 1, we conclude that the continued fraction expansion of α must be [a 0; a 1, ..., a n, b 0, b 1, ...], where [b 0; b 1, ...] is the continued fraction expansion of ω, and therefore that p n /q n = p/q is a convergent of the continued fraction of α.
There is an intimate connection between regular continued fractions and Padé tables with normal approximants along the main diagonal: the "stairstep" sequence of Padé approximants R 0,0, R 1,0, R 1,1, R 2,1, R 2,2, ... is normal if and only if that sequence coincides with the successive convergents of a regular continued fraction.
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