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Black spruce stand at Arctic Chalet, Inuvik, NT Spruce-pine-fir (SPF) is a classification of lumber that can be traded on commodities exchanges.. In Canada, and parts of the United States, most of the spruce tree species, pine tree species, and fir tree species share similar physical and mechanical characteristics, to the point where lumber derived from any of these species are interchangeable ...
The Log Scaler measures the cut trees to determine the scale (volume) and quality (grade) of the wood to be used for manufacturing. When logs are sold, in order to determine the basis for a sale price in a standard way, the logs are "scaled" which means they are measured, identified as to species, and deductions for defects assigned to produce ...
Local market conditions will determine the particular length of cut. It is common for log buyers to issue purchase orders for the length, diameter, grade, and species that they will accept. On the West Coast common cuts on a large Pine or Fir tree are three 32's and a 10. There are often different prices for different items.
In 1950, the AFPA prepared the first marketing booklet for "Western White Spruce" lumber as "Spruce-Pine-Fir" (SPF), for distribution to buyers in the United States and Canada. At the same time the association urged the Alberta provincial government to increase forest fire protection and help reduce Alberta's high timber loss by fire. The AFPA ...
Finished lumber is supplied in standard sizes, mostly for the construction industry – primarily softwood, from coniferous species, including pine, fir and spruce (collectively spruce-pine-fir), cedar, and hemlock, but also some hardwood, for high-grade flooring. It is more commonly made from softwood than hardwoods, and 80% of lumber comes ...
High grading can also be a form of fraud on the owner of the trees. Indeed, stumpage rates (the amount paid per a certain volume of wood) are based on the average quality of the wood. By taking only the best timber, the wood cutter obtains wood more valuable than average at the price of average wood.
Paper engineering is a subfield of wood processing. The major wood product categories are: sawn timber, wood-based panels, wood chips, paper and paper products and miscellaneous others including poles and railway sleepers. Forest product processing technologies have undergone extraordinary advances in some of the above categories.
Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) Red pine (North America) (Pinus resinosa) Scots pine, red pine (UK) (Pinus sylvestris) White pine. Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) Western white pine (Pinus monticola) Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) Southern yellow pine