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Energy flow is the flow of energy through living things within an ecosystem. [1] All living organisms can be organized into producers and consumers , and those producers and consumers can further be organized into a food chain .
The flow of energy in an ecosystem is an open system; the Sun constantly gives the planet energy in the form of light while it is eventually used and lost in the form of heat throughout the trophic levels of a food web. Carbon is used to make carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, the major sources of food energy. These compounds are oxidized to ...
The pyramid of energy represents how much energy, initially from the sun, is retained or stored in the form of new biomass at each trophic level in an ecosystem. Typically, about 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, thus preventing a large number of trophic levels.
Energy flow is directional, which contrasts against the cyclic flows of material through the food web systems. [33] Energy flow "typically includes production, consumption, assimilation, non-assimilation losses (feces), and respiration (maintenance costs)." [7]: 5 In a very general sense, energy flow (E) can be defined as the sum of metabolic ...
Energy can also be released from an ecosystem through disturbances such as wildfire or transferred to other ecosystems (e.g., from a forest to a stream to a lake) by erosion. In aquatic systems , the proportion of plant biomass that gets consumed by herbivores is much higher than in terrestrial systems. [ 15 ]
In this way, it is energy from the sun that usually powers the base of the food chain. [4] An exception occurs in deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystems, where there is no sunlight. Here primary producers manufacture food through a process called chemosynthesis. [5]
Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems. [1] This is an active area of biological research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as cellular respiration and the many other metabolic and enzymatic processes that lead to ...
A graphic representation of energy transfer between trophic layers in an ecosystem. Vietnamese Đây là một sơ đồ hình kim tự tháp, cho thấy năng lượng được vận chuyển như thế nào giữa các tầng dinh dưỡng trong một hệ sinh thái, cũng như những gì xảy ra với năng lượng khác không được ...