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Open fracture, wound > 1 cm but < 10 cm in length [4] without extensive soft-tissue damage, flaps, avulsions IIIA: Open fracture with adequate soft tissue coverage of a fractured bone despite extensive soft tissue laceration or flaps, or high-energy trauma (gunshot and farm injuries) regardless of the size of the wound [5] [6] IIIB
The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 [1] by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the ...
An ankle fracture is a break of one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint. [1] Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising , and an inability to walk on the injured leg. [ 1 ] Complications may include an associated high ankle sprain , compartment syndrome , stiffness, malunion , and post-traumatic arthritis .
The Danis–Weber classification (often known just as the Weber classification) is a method of describing ankle fractures. It has three categories: [1] Type A. Fracture of the fibula distal to the syndesmosis (the connection between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula). Typical features: below level of the ankle joint; tibiofibular ...
Studies have shown [3] that bimalleolar fractures are more common in women, people over 60 years of age, and patients with existing comorbidities. [3] A trimalleolar fracture is a fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus, the medial malleolus, and the distal posterior aspect of the tibia, which can be termed the posterior ...
The severity of open fractures can vary. For diagnosing and classifying open fractures, Gustilo-Anderson open fracture classification is the most commonly used method. [2] This classification system can also be used to guide treatment, and to predict clinical outcomes.
Lateral short oblique fibular fracture (anteroinferior to posterosuperior) Posterior tibiofibular ligament rupture or avulsion of posterior malleolus; Medial malleolus transverse fracture or disruption of deltoid ligament; Pronation-Abduction: Medial malleolus transverse fracture or disruption of deltoid ligament; Anterior tibiofibular ligament ...
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