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The general definition of a qubit as the quantum state of a two-level quantum system.In quantum computing, a qubit (/ ˈ k juː b ɪ t /) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device.
99.97 (1 qubit) 98.33 (2 qubit) 98.94 ((SPAM) 25 [29] 2022: IonQ Forte Trapped ion 366x1 chain [30] All-to-All [24] 99.98 (1 qubit) 98.5–99.3 (2 qubit) [30] 99.56 ((SPAM) 36 [29] (earlier 32) 2022: IQM -Superconducting: Star: 99.91 (1 qubit) 99.14 (2 qubits) 5 [31] November 30, 2021 [32] N/A IQM -Superconducting: Square lattice 99.91 (1 qubit ...
The two lines on the right hand side represent a classical bit, and the single line on the left hand side represents a qubit. Measurement (sometimes called observation ) is irreversible and therefore not a quantum gate, because it assigns the observed quantum state to a single value.
The purpose of quantum computing focuses on building an information theory with the features of quantum mechanics: instead of encoding a binary unit of information , which can be switched to 1 or 0, a quantum binary unit of information (qubit) can simultaneously turn to be 0 and 1 at the same time, thanks to the phenomenon called superposition.
The global phase gate introduces a global phase to the whole qubit quantum state. A quantum state is uniquely defined up to a phase. A quantum state is uniquely defined up to a phase. Because of the Born rule , a phase factor has no effect on a measurement outcome: | e i φ | = 1 {\displaystyle |e^{i\varphi }|=1} for any φ {\displaystyle ...
A logical qubit specifies how a single qubit should behave in a quantum algorithm, subject to quantum logic operations which can be built out of quantum logic gates. However, issues in current technologies preclude single two-state quantum systems , which can be used as physical qubits, from reliably encoding and retaining this information for ...
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Just as the bit is the basic concept of classical information theory, the qubit is the fundamental unit of quantum information.The same term qubit is used to refer to an abstract mathematical model and to any physical system that is represented by that model.