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The Norman conquest of southern Italy lasted from 999 to 1194, involving many battles and independent conquerors. In 1130, the territories in southern Italy united as the Kingdom of Sicily, which included the island of Sicily, the southern third of the Italian Peninsula (including Benevento, which was briefly held twice), the archipelago of Malta, and parts of North Africa.
Roger I (Italian: Ruggero; Arabic: رُجار, romanized: Rujār; Maltese: Ruġġieru; Norse: Rogierr; c. 1031 [1] – 22 June 1101), nicknamed "Roger Bosso" and "Grand Count Roger", [a] was a Norman nobleman who became the first Grand Count of Sicily from 1071 to 1101.
European Commission presentation of The Normans Norman Heritage, 10th-12th century. Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South 1016-1130. Longmans: London, 1967. Norwich, John Julius. The Kingdom in the Sun 1130-1194. Longman: London, 1970. Pierre Aubé, Roger II de Sicile. 2001. Matthew, Donald. The Norman Kingdom of Sicily.
Lopez, Robert S. (1969). "The Norman Conquest of Sicily". In Setton, Kenneth Meyer (ed.). A History of the Crusades. Vol. 1. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 54– 67. ISBN 978-0299048341. Malaterra, Geoffrey (2005). The Deeds of Count Roger of Calabria and Sicily and His Brother Duke Robert Guiscard. Translated by Wolf, K. University of ...
The ambitious Roger saw this as an opportunity and was only too happy to offer his assistance. In 1061 Roger and Robert invaded Sicily and captured Messina. From here they would go on to take many towns and fortresses in the northeast of Sicily and defeated Ibn al-Hawas at a battle near Enna. However after this Robert went home to deal with ...
The Norman invasion of Malta was an attack on the island of Malta, then inhabited predominantly by Muslims, by forces of the Norman County of Sicily led by Roger I in 1091. The invaders besieged Medina (modern Mdina), the main settlement on the island, but the inhabitants managed to negotiate peace terms. The Muslims freed Christian captives ...
Count Roger was the youngest of five sons born to the petty Norman lord, Tancred de Hauteville. During the mid-eleventh century, southern Italian powers from the mainland sought military assistance from Norman mercenaries in an attempt to wrest control of Sicily away from its Saracen rulers.
Palazzo dei Normanni, the palace of the Norman kings in Palermo. Bronze lion attributed to an Italo-Norman artist (Metropolitan Museum of Art).The Italo-Normans (Italian: Italo-Normanni), or Siculo-Normans (Siculo-Normanni) when referring to Sicily and Southern Italy, are the Italian-born descendants of the first Norman conquerors to travel to Southern Italy in the first half of the eleventh ...