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To bring a new genetically modified crop into the commercial market, it has been estimated to cost USD 136 million over 13 years. [9] This poses a problem for development, as only a small number of companies can afford to develop drought-tolerant crops, and it is difficult for research institutions to sustain funding for this period of time. [9]
Crop yield is also negatively effected by drought stress, the reduction in crop yield results from a decrease in photosynthetic rate, changes in leaf development, and altered allocation of resources all due to drought stress. [72] Crop plants exposed to drought stress suffer from reductions in leaf water potential and transpiration rate.
Resistance to drought is a quantitative trait, with a complex phenotype, often confounded by plant phenology. Breeding for drought resistance is further complicated since several types of abiotic stress, such as high temperatures, high irradiance, and nutrient toxicities or deficiencies can challenge crop plants simultaneously.
Vigna aconitifolia is a drought-resistant legume, commonly grown in arid and semi-arid regions of India. It is commonly called mat bean, moth bean, matki or dew bean. The pods, sprouts and protein-rich seeds of this crop are commonly consumed in India. Moth bean can be grown on many soil types, and can also act as a pasture legume.
Such methods include: researching on drought resistant crops, monitoring plant transpiration and reducing soil evaporation. [117] Drought resistant crops have been researched extensively as a means to overcome the issue of water shortage. They are modified genetically so they can adapt in an environment with little water. This is beneficial as ...
The use of drought tolerant crops can increase yield in water-scarce locations, making farming possible in new areas. The adoption of drought tolerant maize in Ghana was shown to increase yield by more than 150% and boost commercialization intensity, although it did not significantly affect farm income. [227]
Drought lowers the growth rate and development, ultimately reducing yield, although cowpea is considered more drought tolerant than most other crops. [61] Drought at the preflowering stage in cowpea can reduce the yield potential by 360 kg/ha. [62] Crop wild relatives are the prominent source of genetic material, which can be tapped to improve ...
Sorghum is the world's fifth-most important cereal crop after rice, wheat, maize, and barley. [10] Sorghum is typically an annual, but some cultivars are perennial. It grows in clumps that may reach over 4 metres (13 ft) high.