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More simply, an ontology is a way of showing the properties of a subject area and how they are related, by defining a set of terms and relational expressions that represent the entities in that subject area. The field which studies ontologies so conceived is sometimes referred to as applied ontology. [1]
Speculative ontology aims to determine which entities actually exist, for example, whether there are numbers or whether time is an illusion. [81] Martin Heidegger proposed fundamental ontology to study the meaning of being. Metaontology studies the underlying concepts, assumptions, and methods of ontology.
Example of a constructed MBED Top Level Ontology based on the nominal set of views. [1]In computer science, information science and systems engineering, ontology engineering is a field which studies the methods and methodologies for building ontologies, which encompasses a representation, formal naming and definition of the categories, properties and relations between the concepts, data and ...
For example, in the ontology that contains the concept Ford Explorer and the concept Ford Bronco might be related by a relation of type is defined as a successor of . The full expression of that fact then becomes: Ford Explorer is defined as a successor of : Ford Bronco; This tells us that the Explorer is the model that replaced the Bronco.
Carman elaborates: Heidegger's fundamental ontology is relevant to traditional ontology in that it concerns "what any understanding of entities necessarily presupposes, namely, our understanding of that in virtue of which entities are entities". [2] This ontological difference (German: ontologische Differenz) is central to Heidegger's philosophy.
The concept of ontology and what people mean by ontology is diverse; therefore, tracing the ontological turn in anthropology remains difficult. However, if ontology refers to the study of reality then ontological anthropology incorporates theoretical and methodological elements of anthropology to a study of being or existence. [3]
It has also impacted architectural theory, especially in the phenomenological and Heideggerian approaches to space, place, dwelling, technology, etc. [12] In literary theory and criticism, Robert Magliola's Phenomenology and Literature: An Introduction (Purdue UP, 1977; rpt. 1978) was the first book [13] to explain to Anglophonic academics ...
In metaphysics, object-oriented ontology (OOO) is a 21st-century Heidegger-influenced school of thought that rejects the privileging of human existence over the existence of nonhuman objects. [1] This is in contrast to post- Kantian philosophy's tendency to refuse "speak[ing] of the world without humans or humans without the world".