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The Vaal River (/ ˈ v ɑː l / Afrikaans pronunciation:; Khoemana: ǀHaiǃarib) is the largest tributary of the Orange River in South Africa.The river has its source near Breyten in Mpumalanga province, east of Johannesburg and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Ermelo and only about 240 kilometres (150 mi) from the Indian Ocean. [1]
The people north of the Vaal River in the South African Republic were recognised as an independent country by the United Kingdom with the signing of the Sand River Convention on 17 January 1852. [8]: 357–59 The Orange Free State was recognised by the UK on 17 February 1854.
The Orange River Convention (sometimes also called the Bloemfontein Convention; Afrikaans: Bloemfontein-konvensie) was a convention whereby the British formally recognised the independence of the Boers in the area between the Orange and Vaal rivers, which had previously been known as the Orange River Sovereignty.
The ORP was built to exploit the waters of the Orange River—which, without the Vaal River, represents some 14.1% of the total runoff in South Africa—and in the process, to satisfy an increasing demand for water. The main objectives of the project were: to stabilise river flow, the generation and transmission of hydroelectric power,
Map of southern Africa, 1855, with the Orange River Sovereignty circled. The Orange River Sovereignty (1848–1854; Afrikaans: Oranjerivier-soewereiniteit) was a short-lived political entity between the Orange and Vaal rivers in Southern Africa, a region known informally as Transorangia. In 1854, it became the Orange Free State, and is now the ...
The Orlam people comprise various subtribes, clans and families. In South Africa, the Griqua are an influential Oorlam group. The clans that migrated across the Oranje into South West Africa are, in order of their time of arrival: The ǀAixaǀaen (Orlam Afrikaners), the first group to enter and permanently settle in Namibia.
It rises near Lichtenburg on the far southwestern slopes of the Witwatersrand and flows for 320 km (about 200 miles) in a southwesterly direction, mostly through very flat areas of the North West and Northern Cape Provinces before flowing into the Vaal River about 100 km above the confluence of that river with the Orange River.
The family later settled at Kuruman, to the north of the Vaal River, among the Batswana people. Here they lived and worked passionately for the missionary cause, enduring many hardships. Once he went for days without water and his mouth became so dry he was unable to speak.