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Note that some words contain an ae which may not be written æ because the etymology is not from the Greek -αι-or Latin -ae-diphthongs. These include: In instances of aer (starting or within a word) when it makes the sound IPA [ɛə]/[eə] (air). Comes from the Latin āër, Greek ἀήρ. When ae makes the diphthong / eɪ / (lay) or / aɪ ...
O with diaeresis occurs in several languages that use diaereses. In these languages the letter represents the fact that this o is the start of a new syllable (e.g. in the Dutch/Afrikaans word coöperatief [cooperative]), instead of the general oo (e.g. In the Dutch word doorn [thorn]) .
Variant spelling of the more common hiccup. / ə f / Greenough: Pronounced / ˈ ɡ r ɛ n ə f / as the name of a river in Western Australia, and usually pronounced / ˈ ɡ r iː n oʊ / as a surname. / ɒ k / hough Rhymes with dock, lock. More commonly spelled hock from the 20th century onwards. / ɒ x / Brough, Clough, lough, turlough Rhymes ...
Certain words, like piñata, jalapeño and quinceañera, are usually kept intact. In many instances the ñ is replaced with the plain letter n. In words of German origin (e.g. doppelgänger), the letters with umlauts ä, ö, ü may be written ae, oe, ue. [14] This could be seen in many newspapers during World War II, which printed Fuehrer for ...
In the word vague, e marks the long a sound, but u keeps the g hard rather than soft. Doubled consonants usually indicate that the preceding vowel is pronounced short. For example, the doubled t in batted indicates that the a is pronounced / æ / , while the single t of bated gives /eɪ/ .
A long Ē (/ iː /) is used for œ ~ oe ~ e in primary-stressed open syllables that lie in the third-to-final position (antepenultimate syllables) if the final syllable begins with a vowel and the penultimate (second-to-last) ends in a vowel other than o or u (or did prior to a blending of that vowel with the preceding consonant).
In Low German, a following e letter lengthens other vowels as well, e.g., in the name Kues /kuːs/. A following h is frequently used in German and older Swedish spelling, e.g., German Zahn [tsaːn] 'tooth'. In Czech, the additional letter ů is used for the long U sound, and the character is known as a kroužek, e.g., kůň "horse".
A word such as 'voi' would instead be pronounced and syllabified as ['vo.i], yet again without a diphthong. In general, unstressed /i e o u/ in hiatus can turn into glides in more rapid speech (e.g. biennale [bi̯enˈnaːle] 'biennial'; coalizione [ko̯alitˈtsi̯oːne] 'coalition') with the process occurring more readily in syllables further ...