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  2. Antonine Wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Wall

    The Antonine Wall was shorter than Hadrian's Wall and built of turf on a stone foundation, but it was still an impressive achievement. It was also a simpler fortification than Hadrian's Wall insofar as it did not have a subsidiary ditch system behind it to the south.

  3. Hadrian's Wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian's_Wall

    A view of Hadrian's Wall showing its length and height. The upright stones on top of it are modern, to deter people from walking on it. Hadrian's Wall (Latin: Vallum Hadriani, also known as the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or Vallum Aelium in Latin) is a former defensive fortification of the Roman province of Britannia, begun in AD 122 in the reign of the Emperor Hadrian. [1]

  4. Antoninus Pius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninus_Pius

    Although Antonine's Wall was, in principle, much shorter (37 miles in length as opposed to 73), and at first sight more defensible than Hadrian's Wall, the additional area that it enclosed within the Empire was barren, with land use for grazing already in decay. [53]

  5. Hadrian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian

    Hadrian's Arch in central Athens, Greece. [3] Hadrian's admiration for Greece materialised in such projects ordered during his reign. Publius Aelius Hadrianus was born on 24 January 76, in Italica (modern Santiponce, near Seville), a Roman town founded by Italic settlers in the province of Hispania Baetica during the Second Punic War at the initiative of Scipio Africanus; Hadrian's branch of ...

  6. Scotland during the Roman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_during_the_Roman...

    The Antonine Wall had a variety of purposes. It provided a defensive line against the Caledonians. It cut off the Maeatae from their Caledonian allies and created a buffer zone north of Hadrian's Wall. It also facilitated troop movements between east and west, but its main purpose may not have been primarily military.

  7. How Hadrian’s Wall is revealing a hidden side of Roman history

    www.aol.com/hadrian-wall-revealing-hidden-side...

    Hadrian’s Wall in modern-day England marked one of the northern borders of the Roman Empire. But excavations along the wall are bringing to light a hidden history of the army and the Roman ...

  8. Roman invasion of Caledonia (208–211) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_invasion_of_Caledonia...

    After starting the project Severus marched north and occupied all the land between Hadrian's Wall and the Antonine Wall. After completing the occupation Severus began another reconstruction project but this time on the Antonine Wall. In 209, Severus led his army north into the highlands and roughly marched the same way Agricola had invaded over ...

  9. Roman military frontiers and fortifications - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_military_frontiers...

    Hadrian's Wall viewed from Vercovicium. Although the border was not a continuous wall, a series of fortifications known as Gask Ridge in mid-Scotland may well be Rome's earliest fortified land frontier. Constructed in 70 or 80, it was superseded by the later Hadrian's Wall forty years later and then the final Antonine Wall twenty years after ...