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Logs with a higher density than the density of water would sink. [2] Other logs would get caught in jams, sloughs, or floods, and become lodged in the riverbed. Such logs were often known as "sinkers" or "deadheads." Loggers attempted to reduce the number of logs which remained in the river in order to maximize profits, but some losses were ...
One of the largest issues with treatment on waterlogged wood is finding a way to remove the water in the wood but keep the water that is part of the material. Preventing cell wall collapse (which causes shrinking, cracking, and further damage) of the waterlogged wood while drying is the largest struggle and main goal of treatment.
There the logs were decked onto "rollways." In spring when snow thawed and water levels rose, the logs were rolled into the river, and the drive commenced. [6] To ensure that logs drifted freely along the river, men called "log drivers" or "river pigs" were needed to guide the logs. The drivers typically divided into two groups.
A "full deck" of logs awaiting the mill. A log pond is a small natural lake or reservoir used for storage of wooden logs in readiness for milling at a sawmill.Although some mill ponds served this purpose for water-powered sawmills, steam-powered sawmills used log ponds for transportation of logs near the mill; and did not require the elevation drop of watermill reservoirs.
In 1867, James W. Haines first built the V-shaped log flumes that allowed a jammed log to free itself as the rising water level in the flume pushed it up. These efficient flumes consisted of two boards, 2 feet (0.61 m) wide and 16 feet (4.9 m) feet long, joined perpendicularly, and came in common use in the western United States during the late ...
("Large wood" is commonly defined to be pieces of wood more than 10 cm (4 in) in diameter and more than 1 m (3 ft 3 in) long.) [1] Log jams in rivers and streams often span the entirety of the water's surface from bank to bank. Log jams form when trees floating in the water become entangled with other trees floating in the water or become ...
Log boom on St. Croix River in Maine, aerial photo taken in 1973 Timber marks on a log building in Sweden where they are called flottningsmärke. A log boom (sometimes called a log fence or log bag) is a barrier placed in a river, designed to collect and or contain floating logs timbered from nearby forests. The term is also used as a place ...
The log must run in holes containing electrically conductive mud or water, i.e., with enough ions present in the drilling fluid. Indeed, in the borehole fluids the electrical charge carriers are only ions (cations and anions) present in aqueous solution in the fluid. In the absence of dissolved ions, water is a very poor electrical conductor.