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At least six major areas of cryobiology can be identified: 1) study of cold-adaptation of microorganisms, plants (cold hardiness), and animals, both invertebrates and vertebrates (including hibernation), 2) cryopreservation of cells, tissues, gametes, and embryos of animal and human origin for (medical) purposes of long-term storage by cooling to temperatures below the freezing point of water.
Cryopreservation or cryoconservation is a process where biological material - cells, tissues, or organs - are frozen to preserve the material for an extended period of time. [1] At low temperatures (typically −80 °C (−112 °F) or −196 °C (−321 °F) using liquid nitrogen ) any cell metabolism which might cause damage to the biological ...
Semen, embryos, oocytes, somatic cells, nuclear DNA, and other types of biomaterial such as blood and serum can be stored using cryopreservation, in order to preserve genetic materials. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The primary benefit of cryoconservation is the ability to save germplasms for extended periods of time, therefore maintaining the genetic diversity ...
A cell bank is a facility that stores cells of specific genome for the purpose of future use in a product or medicinal needs, but can also describe the entity of stored cells itself. Cell banks often contain expansive amounts of base cell material that can be utilized for various projects.
Oocyte cryopreservation is a procedure to preserve a woman's eggs . The technique is often used to delay pregnancy. At the time pregnancy is desired, the eggs can be thawed, fertilized, and transferred to the uterus as embryos. Many studies have suggested infertility problems as germ cell deterioration related to aging. [1]
A cryoprotectant is a substance used to protect biological tissue from freezing damage (i.e. that due to ice formation). Arctic and Antarctic insects, fish and amphibians create cryoprotectants (antifreeze compounds and antifreeze proteins) in their bodies to minimize freezing damage during cold winter periods.
In 2003, after freeze-thawing, orthotopic autotransplantation of ovarian cortical tissue was done by laparoscopy and five months after reimplantation regular ovulatory cycles were reinitiated. Eleven months after re-implantation a viable intrauterine pregnancy was confirmed, which resulted in the delivery of a healthy baby.
It may be noted that Subash Mukhopadyay from Kolkata, India reported the successful cryopreservation of an eight cell embryo, storing it for 53 days, thawing and replacing it into the mother's womb, resulting in a successful and live birth as early as 1978- a full five years before Trounson and Mohr had done so.