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Nonetheless, pro-slavery Europeans defined the "non-Israelites" of Leviticus 25:44-46 as non-Christians and later as non-white people. Watts suggested that they used the Bible's two-tier model to justify enslaving Africans and Native Americans while limiting white forced laborers to indentured servants and prisoners. [113]
It was seen as legitimate to enslave captives obtained through warfare, [23] but not through kidnapping [24] [25] for the purpose of enslaving them. Children could also be sold into debt bondage, [26] which was sometimes ordered by a court of law. [27] [28] [29] The Bible does set minimum rules for the conditions under which slaves were to be kept.
Chattel slavery continued on the fringes of Christendom, and revived in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, enslaving Muslims. As in other societies, new slaves were continually needed. The Reconquista wars provided Spain and Portugal with many captives, they still had significant numbers of slaves as the Age of Discovery began.
Although many scholars therefore view Ham as an eponym which is used to represent Egypt in the Table of Nations, [2] a number of Christians throughout history, including Origen [3] and the Cave of Treasures, [4] have argued for the alternate proposition that Ham represents all black people, his name symbolising their dark skin colour; [5] pro ...
During the Darfur conflict that began in 2003, many people were kidnapped by Janjaweed and sold into slavery as agricultural labor, domestic servants and sex slaves. [77] [78] [79] In Niger, slavery is also a current phenomenon. A Nigerien study has found that more than 800,000 people are enslaved, almost 8% of the population.
Many different types of white people were enslaved. On the European continent under feudalism, there were various forms of status applying to people (such as serf, bordar, villein, vagabond, and slave) who were indentured or forced to labour without pay. During the Arab slave trade, Europeans were among those traded by the Arabs. [1]
The creation of a literalist chronology of the Bible faces several hurdles, of which the following are the most significant: . There are different texts of the Jewish Bible, the major text-families being: the Septuagint, a Greek translation of the original Hebrew scriptures made in the last few centuries before Christ; the Masoretic text, a version of the Hebrew text curated by the Jewish ...
Arguments in favor of slavery include deference to the Bible and thus to God, some people being natural slaves in need of supervision, slaves often being better off than the poorest non-slaves, practical social benefit for the society as a whole, and slavery being a time-proven practice by multiple great civilizations.