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Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare congenital heart defect in which the left side of the heart is severely underdeveloped and incapable of supporting the systemic circulation. [2] It is estimated to account for 2-3% of all congenital heart disease. [ 3 ]
An infant lying on his stomach. Tummy time is a colloquialism for placing infants in the prone position while awake and supervised to encourage development of the neck and trunk muscles and prevent skull deformations. [1] [2] [3] In 1992, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended babies sleep on their backs to prevent sudden infant death ...
Without surgical repair, infants born with a single ventricle cardiac defect face almost certain mortality in the first year of life. [8] [9] [10] In these conditions, the most urgent problem is that the heart is unable to pump blood to the systemic circulation (i.e. to the body). The goal of these three surgeries is to ultimately connect the ...
Stephanie Fae Beauclair [1] (October 14, 1984 – November 15, 1984), better known as Baby Fae, was an American infant born in 1984 with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. She became the first infant subject of a xenotransplant procedure and first successful infant heart transplant, receiving the heart of a baboon. Though she died within a month ...
Out of all the babies born with congenital heart defects, about 25 % have cyanosis as a result. Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic cardiac heart defect. [37] Methemoglobinemia is considered to be rare, with acquired methemoglobinemia encountered more than the congenital form. [38]
At around 2 months, a day-night pattern begins to gradually develop. [8] At around 3 months, sleep cycle may increase to 3–6 hours, [2] and the majority of infants will still wake in the night to feed. [9] By 4 months, the average infant sleeps 14 hours a day (including naps), but this amount can vary considerably. [10]
Norme, 19, attempted to break the record for the longest time without sleeping, which was set in 1986 by Robert McDonald who remained awake for 18 days, 21 hours and 40 minutes. He tried for 12 ...
The timing of surgery depends on the baby's symptoms and size. [8] The procedure involves increasing the size of the pulmonary valve and pulmonary arteries and repairing the ventricular septal defect. [8] In babies who are too small, a temporary surgery may be done with plans for a second surgery when the baby is bigger. [8]