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Chikungunya is an infection caused by the Alphavirus chikungunya (CHIKV). [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 5 ] The disease was first identified in 1952 in Tanzania and named based on the Kimakonde words for "to become contorted". [ 5 ]
Outbreaks of chikungunya, on average, have low mortality rates. [2] As it is generally a nonfatal disease, prevalence rates during most outbreaks are higher than incidence rates. [6] Recently, it was discovered that approximately 39% of the worldwide population resides in environments where the chikungunya virus is endemic. [7]
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
Laboratory blood tests can identify evidence of chikungunya or other similar viruses such as dengue and Zika. [34] Blood test may confirm the presence of IgM and IgG anti-chikungunya antibodies. IgM antibodies are highest 3 to 5 weeks after the beginning of symptoms and will continue be present for about 2 months.
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The 2013–2014 chikungunya outbreak represented the first recorded outbreak of the disease outside of tropical Africa and Asia. In December 2013, the first locally transmitted case of chikungunya in the Americas was detected in Saint Martin. Shortly after the first case the disease began to spread rapidly throughout the Caribbean region.
A Chikungunya vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against the chikungunya virus. [5] [6] The most commonly reported side effects include headache, fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, fever, nausea and tenderness at the injection site. [11] The first chikungunya vaccine was approved for medical use in the United States in ...
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