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In the United States, a mandated reporter is a person who is required by law to report to Child Protective Services (CPS) or Adult Protective Services if they know or suspect a child or vulnerable adult has been or is at risk of being abused or neglected or they may be subject to civil and criminal penalties for failing to report.
Conflicts between a mandated reporter's duties and some privileged communication statutes are common but, in general, attorney–client privileges and clergy–penitent privileges are usually exempt from mandatory reporting. In some states in the US, Psychiatrist and PhD. psychologists are also exempt from mandatory reporting. [16]
The shield law is currently codified in Article I, section 2(b) of the California Constitution and section 1070 of the Evidence Code. [1] Section 1986.1 of the California Code of Civil Procedure (CCP) supplements these principal shield law provisions by providing additional safeguards to a reporter whose records are being subpoenaed. [2]
The decisions of the Courts of Appeal are published in the California Appellate Reports. Both official reporters are now in their fourth series. The California Appellate Reports, the official reporter of the Courts of Appeal. The content of both reporters is compiled and edited by the California Reporter of Decisions. The Reporter maintains a ...
The Protect Reporters from Exploitative State Spying Act (PRESS Act, S.2074) is a bipartisan federal shield law designed to protect journalist-source confidentiality, with common-sense [neutrality is disputed] exceptions for cases involving terrorism, serious emergencies, or journalists suspected of crimes.
Map of the U.S., showing areas covered by the Thomson West National Reporter System state law reports. These regional reporters are supplemented by reporters for a single state like the New York Supplement (N.Y.S. 1888–1938; 2d 1938–) and the California Reporter (Cal. Rptr. 1959–1991; 2d 1991–2003; 3d 2003–) which include decisions of intermediate state appellate courts. [3]
Though school hours in California might range from about 7 a.m. to 4 p.m., Olsen said drivers should still be cautious when passing by a school zone because after-school programs can last until 6 p.m.
The Lanterman–Petris–Short (LPS) Act (Chapter 1667 of the 1967 California Statutes, codified as Cal. Welf & Inst. Code, sec. 5000 et seq.) regulates involuntary civil commitment to a mental health institution in the state of California.