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As the Russian Civil War drew to a close, this campaign was relaxed although the secret police did remain active. From 1924 to 1928, the mass repression—including incarceration in the Gulag system—dropped significantly. [39] By 1929, Stalin had defeated his political opponents and gained full control over the party.
The first Party purge of the Joseph Stalin era took place in 1929–1930 in accordance with a resolution of the XVI Party Conference. [4] Purges became deadly under Stalin. More than 10 percent of the party members were purged. At the same time, a significant number of new industrial workers joined the Party.
The Great Purge of 1936–1938 in the Soviet Union can be roughly divided into four periods: [1] October 1936 - February 1937 Reforming the security organizations, adopting official plans for purging the elites. March 1937 - June 1937 Purging the Elites; The higher powers then started to cut off heads of the poor.
The Great Purge ended in 1939. In October 1940 the NKVD (People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs), under its new chief Lavrentiy Beria, started a new purge that initially hit the People's Commissariat of Ammunition, People's Commissariat of Aviation Industry, and People's Commissariat of Armaments. High-level officials admitted guilt ...
Kosior loyally supported Joseph Stalin at the start of the Great Purge. He was one of eight Soviet leaders whom the defendants at the first of the Moscow trials, in August 1936, were forced to confess that they plotted to assassinate. [11] Five of the lists of people to be executed early in the purge were cosigned by him. [12]
The first critical inquiry into the Great Purge outside the Soviet Union had been made as early as 1937 by the Dewey Commission, which published its findings in the form of a 422-page book entitled Not Guilty (this title referred to the people who had been charged with various crimes by Joseph Stalin's government and therefore purged); the Dewey Commission found them not guilty.
The results were subsequently covered up on Stalin's orders and it was officially reported that Stalin also received only three negative votes. [2] During the Congress a group of veteran party members approached Kirov with the suggestion that he replace Stalin as the party leader. Kirov declined the offer and reported the conversation to Stalin ...
The request was approved by Stalin personally, who promoted Gorbach to a larger district. By the autumn of 1937, the pressure to achieve arrests was so great that the NKVD interrogators began picking out names from the telephone directory or preselecting married men with children who, as every agent knew, were the quickest to confess.