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While the usual dose of chloroquine used in treatment is 10 mg/kg, toxicity begins to occur at 20 mg/kg, and death may occur at 30 mg/kg. [24] In children as little as a single tablet can be fatal. [25] [16] Treatment recommendations include early mechanical ventilation, cardiac monitoring, and activated charcoal. [24]
mefloquine 250 mg once weekly (started two and a half weeks before travel, and continued for four weeks after returning); atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone) 1 tablet daily (started one day before travel, and continued for one week after returning). Can also be used for therapy in some cases. In areas where chloroquine remains effective:
Chloroquine 25 mg/kg over three days with a single dose of SP as described above. SP plus amodiaquine This combination has been shown to produce a faster rate of clinical recovery than SP and chloroquine, but is clearly inferior to artemisinin-based combinations (ACTs) for the treatment of malaria. [5] [page needed] 10 mg/kg of Amodiaquine per ...
Chloroquine retinopathy is a form of toxic retinopathy (damage of the retina) caused by the drugs chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, which are sometimes used in the treatment of autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. This eye toxicity limits long-term use of the drugs.
Atovaquone/proguanil, sold under the brand name Malarone among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat and prevent malaria, including chloroquine-resistant malaria. [2] [3] It contains atovaquone and proguanil. [3] It is not recommended for severe or complicated malaria. [3] It is taken by mouth. [3]
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are anti-malarial medications also used against some auto-immune diseases. [1] Chloroquine, along with hydroxychloroquine, was an early experimental treatment for COVID-19. [2] Neither drug has been useful to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Mefloquine is used as a treatment for chloroquine-sensitive or resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and is deemed a reasonable alternative for uncomplicated chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria. [10] [16] It is one of several drugs recommended by the United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [17]
Proguanil, also known as chlorguanide and chloroguanide, is a medication used to treat and prevent malaria. [3] [4] It is often used together with chloroquine or atovaquone.[4] [3] When used with chloroquine the combination will treat mild chloroquine resistant malaria. [3]