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  2. Some Thoughts Concerning Education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Some_Thoughts_Concerning...

    Title page from the first edition of Locke's Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693) Some Thoughts Concerning Education is a 1693 treatise on the education of gentlemen written by the English philosopher John Locke. For over a century, it was the most important philosophical work on education in England. It was translated into almost all of the major written European languages during the ...

  3. Pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pessimism

    This does not mean however, that the pessimist cannot be politically involved, as Camus argued in The Rebel (1951). Pessimism about the human condition was also expressed by Hobbes (1588–1679). [24] [25] There is another strain of thought generally associated with a pessimistic worldview, this is the pessimism of cultural criticism and social ...

  4. Philosophical pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_pessimism

    Melancholy by Domenico Fetti (1612). Death, suffering and meaninglessness are the main themes of philosophical pessimism. Philosophical pessimism is a philosophical tradition which argues that life is not worth living and that non-existence is preferable to existence.

  5. History of philosophical pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_philosophical...

    In a 1945 article, Albert Camus wrote: "The idea that a pessimistic philosophy is necessarily one of discouragement is a puerile idea." [94] Camus helped popularize the idea of "the absurd", a key term in his famous essay The Myth of Sisyphus. Like previous philosophical pessimists, Camus saw human consciousness and reason as that which "sets ...

  6. Is the glass half empty or half full? - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is_the_glass_half_empty_or...

    To illustrate this figuratively: Is this glass half empty or half full? "Is the glass half empty or half full?", and other similar expressions such as the adjectives glass-half-full or glass-half-empty, are idioms which contrast an optimistic and pessimistic outlook on a specific situation or on the world at large. [1] "

  7. The End of Education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_Education

    The End of Education [1] is a book by Neil Postman about public education in the United States.The use of the word "end" in the title has two meanings: primarily, as a synonym for "purpose", but also as a prediction about the future of public schools if they do not successfully identify and communicate a convincing purpose for their existence within human culture.

  8. Essay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essay

    In English essay first meant "a trial" or "an attempt", and this is still an alternative meaning. The Frenchman Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592) was the first author to describe his work as essays; he used the term to characterize these as "attempts" to put his thoughts into writing. Subsequently, essay has been

  9. Optimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimism

    The term derives from the Latin optimum, meaning "best". To be optimistic, in the typical sense of the word, is to expect the best possible outcome from any given situation. [1] This is usually referred to in psychology as dispositional optimism. It reflects a belief that future conditions will work out for the best. [2]