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  2. Optimal capital income taxation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Optimal_capital_income_taxation

    Optimal capital income taxation is a subarea of optimal tax theory which studies the design of taxes on capital income such that a given economic criterion like utility is optimized. [ 1 ] Some have theorized that the optimal capital income tax is zero.

  3. Income tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_tax

    An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) in respect of the income or profits earned by them (commonly called taxable income). Income tax generally is computed as the product of a tax rate times the taxable income. Taxation rates may vary by type or characteristics of the taxpayer and the type of income.

  4. Income tax in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_tax_in_the_United...

    In 1894, Democrats in Congress passed the Wilson-Gorman tariff, which imposed the first peacetime income tax. The rate was 2% on income over $4,000, which meant fewer than 10% of households would pay any. ($4,000 was 19.3 times the 1894 nominal GDP per capita of $207.23; the corresponding income in 2021 is $1.3M.)

  5. Optimal labor income taxation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_labor_income_taxation

    The modern literature on optimal labour income taxation largely follows from James Mirrlees' "Exploration in the Theory of Optimum Income Taxation". [1] The approach is based on asymmetric information, as the government is assumed to be unable to observe the number of hours people work or how productive they are, but can observe individuals' incomes.

  6. Legal history of income tax in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_history_of_income...

    Once again, a taxpayer challenged the legality of the income tax. In Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company (1895), [2] Charles Pollock sued the corporation in which he owned stock, contending that the corporation should never have paid the income tax because the tax was unconstitutional. In this case, the tax was paid on income from land.

  7. Tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax

    If individuals experience diminishing returns from income, then the optimum distribution of income for society involves a progressive income tax. Mirrlees optimal income tax is a detailed theoretical model of the optimum progressive income tax along these lines. Over the last years the validity of the theory of optimal taxation was discussed by ...

  8. Book excerpt: "Source Code: My Beginnings" by Bill Gates - AOL

    www.aol.com/book-excerpt-source-code-beginnings...

    Audible has a 30-day free trial available right now. All these years later it still amazes me how so many disparate things had to come together for me to use a computer in 1968.

  9. List of countries by tax rates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tax_rates

    62% (This consists of 40% income tax on the GBP 100k–125k band, an effective 20% due to the phase-out of the personal allowance, and 2% employee National Insurance). The marginal rate then drops to 47% for income above GBP 125k (45% income tax plus 2% employee National Insurance) [241] [242] 20% (standard rate) 5% (home energy and renovations)

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