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  2. Residual-current device - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual-current_device

    A residual-current device (RCD), residual-current circuit breaker (RCCB) or ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) [a] is an electrical safety device, more specifically a form of Earth-leakage circuit breaker, that interrupts an electrical circuit when the current passing through line and neutral conductors of a circuit is not equal (the term residual relating to the imbalance), therefore ...

  3. Electrical fault - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_fault

    In an electric power system, a fault or fault current is any abnormal electric current. For example, a short circuit is a fault in which a live wire touches a neutral or ground wire. An open-circuit fault occurs if a circuit is interrupted by a failure of a current-carrying wire (phase or neutral) or a blown fuse or circuit breaker.

  4. Earth-leakage circuit breaker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth-leakage_circuit_breaker

    An earth-leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) is a safety device used in electrical installations to prevent shock. It consists of either a current sensing mechanism, or a voltage sensing mechanism. Such a protection mechanism may be found in the form of distribution board modules, standalone devices, and special sockets (aka receptacles ).

  5. Intermittent fault - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_fault

    Intermittent failures can be a cause of no-fault-found (NFF) occurrences in electronic products and systems. NFF implies that a failure (fault) occurred or was reported to have occurred during a product’s use. The product was analyzed or tested to confirm the failure, but “a failure or fault” could be not found.

  6. Ground continuity monitor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_continuity_monitor

    A GCM or ground continuity monitor (also called a ground integrity monitor or ground continuity tester) is an electrical safety device that monitors the impedance to ground of a temporary electrical circuit and can provide indication (or protective trip) in the event impedance rises to an unsafe value. A GCM is either an external testing device ...

  7. Fault detection and isolation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_detection_and_isolation

    Fault detection, isolation, and recovery (FDIR) is a subfield of control engineering which concerns itself with monitoring a system, identifying when a fault has occurred, and pinpointing the type of fault and its location. Two approaches can be distinguished: A direct pattern recognition of sensor readings that indicate a fault and an analysis ...

  8. Ground (electricity) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_(electricity)

    If a second ground fault occurs, a ground fault protection relay must trip the breaker to protect the circuit. On an HRG system, a sensing resistor is used to continuously monitor system continuity. If an open-circuit is detected (e.g., due to a broken weld on the NGR), the monitoring device will sense voltage through the sensing resistor and ...

  9. Electrical injury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury

    If an electrical circuit is established by electrodes introduced in the body, bypassing the skin, then the potential for lethality is much higher if a circuit through the heart is established. This is known as a microshock. Currents of only 10 μA can be sufficient to cause fibrillation in this case with a probability of 0.2%. [22]