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The current Constitution of Russia, adopted by federal referendum on 12 December 1993, came into force on 25 December 1993 and abolished the model of the Soviet system of government introduced in 1918 by Vladimir Lenin and based on the right to secede from the country and on unlimited sovereignty of federal subjects (in practice secession was ...
On 25 November 2014, Abkhazia signed a treaty integrating its economy and military with Russia, [116] which Georgia described as a step to "toward de facto annexation". [117] However, the proposal to join Russia has little to no support among Abkhazia's political elite or the general public, [ 118 ] with many of the former expressing their view ...
Map of the federal subjects of Russia with their flags. This gallery of flags of federal subjects of Russia shows the flags of the 89 federal subjects of Russia including two regions that, while being de facto under complete Russian control, are not internationally recognized as part of Russia (Republic of Crimea [1] and the city of Sevastopol), [1] and four regions that, while not being fully ...
Russian colonial possessions in the Americas were collectively known as Russian America (Russian: Русская Америка, romanized: Russkaya Amerika; 1799 to 1867). It consisted mostly of present-day Alaska in the United States, but also included the outpost of Fort Ross in California.
Map of governorates of the Russian Republic (Western part), 1917. This is a list of governorates of the Russian Empire ( Russian : губерния, pre-1918 : губернія, romanized: guberniya ) established between the administrative reform of 1708 and the establishment of the Kholm Governorate in 1912 (inclusive).
The federal districts of Russia were established by a decree issued by President Vladimir Putin on 13 May 2000 to facilitate the federal government's control of the then 89 federal subjects across the country. [9] [10] On 19 January 2010, the new North Caucasian Federal District split from the Southern Federal District. [8]
Saul, Norman E. Distant Friends: The United States and Russia, 1763-1867 (1991) Saul, Norman E. Concord and Conflict: The United States and Russia, 1867-1914 (1996) Saul, Norman E. The A to Z of United States-Russian/Soviet Relations (2010) Saul, Norman E. Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Foreign Policy (2014).
The formal end to Tatar rule over Russia was the defeat of the Tatars at the Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480. Ivan III (r. 1462–1505) and Vasili III (r. 1505–1533) had consolidated the centralized Russian state following the annexations of the Novgorod Republic in 1478, Tver in 1485, the Pskov Republic in 1510, Volokolamsk in 1513, Ryazan in 1521, and Novgorod-Seversk in 1522.