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An official government translation of the Constitution of Russia from Russian to English uses the term "constituent entities of the Russian Federation". For example, Article 5 reads: "The Russian Federation shall consist of republics, krais, oblasts, cities of federal significance, an autonomous oblast, and autonomous okrugs, which shall have equal rights as constituent entities of the Russian ...
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia declared the annexation of four partially-occupied Ukrainian provinces (oblasts), including the territory that had been under the control of the break-away Donetsk and Luhansk republics since 2014, and claimed the entirety of Donetsk and Luhansk provinces as Russian republics. These also ...
Map of the federal subjects of Russia with their flags. This gallery of flags of federal subjects of Russia shows the flags of the 89 federal subjects of Russia including two regions that, while being de facto under complete Russian control, are not internationally recognized as part of Russia (Republic of Crimea [1] and the city of Sevastopol), [1] and four regions that, while not being fully ...
Russian colonial possessions in the Americas were collectively known as Russian America (Russian: Русская Америка, romanized: Russkaya Amerika; 1799 to 1867). It consisted mostly of present-day Alaska in the United States, but also included the outpost of Fort Ross in California.
Map of governorates of the Russian Republic (Western part), 1917. This is a list of governorates of the Russian Empire ( Russian : губерния, pre-1918 : губернія, romanized: guberniya ) established between the administrative reform of 1708 and the establishment of the Kholm Governorate in 1912 (inclusive).
The formal end to Tatar rule over Russia was the defeat of the Tatars at the Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480. Ivan III (r. 1462–1505) and Vasili III (r. 1505–1533) had consolidated the centralized Russian state following the annexations of the Novgorod Republic in 1478, Tver in 1485, the Pskov Republic in 1510, Volokolamsk in 1513, Ryazan in 1521, and Novgorod-Seversk in 1522.
The Alaska Purchase and Russian-American Relations (1973). Kolchin, Peter. Unfree labor: American slavery and Russian serfdom (1987) online ; Saul, Norman E. Distant Friends: The United States and Russia, 1763-1867 (1991) Saul, Norman E. Concord and Conflict: The United States and Russia, 1867-1914 (1996) Saul, Norman E.
The federal districts of Russia were established by a decree issued by President Vladimir Putin on 13 May 2000 to facilitate the federal government's control of the then 89 federal subjects across the country. [9] [10] On 19 January 2010, the new North Caucasian Federal District split from the Southern Federal District. [8]