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A laptop computer heat pipe system. A heat pipe is a heat-transfer device that employs phase transition to transfer heat between two solid interfaces. [1]At the hot interface of a heat pipe, a volatile liquid in contact with a thermally conductive solid surface turns into a vapor by absorbing heat from that surface.
Heat-pipe tectonics is a cooling mode of terrestrial planets and moons in which the main heat transport mechanism in the planet is volcanism through the outer hard shell, also called the lithosphere. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Heat-pipe tectonics initiates when volcanism becomes the dominant surface heat transfer process. [ 1 ]
The Spittelau incineration plant is one of several plants that provide district heating in Vienna, Austria. Animated image showing how district heating works. District heating (also known as heat networks) is a system for distributing heat generated in a centralized location through a system of insulated pipes for residential and commercial heating requirements such as space heating and water ...
Single-pipe systems are limited in both their ability to deliver high volumes of steam (that is, heat) [citation needed] and the ability to control the flow of steam to individual radiators [citation needed] (because closing off the steam supply traps condensate in the radiators). Because of these limitations, single-pipe systems are no longer ...
Heat pipes extend the temperature range down to 5 °C (41 °F) as they extract and "amplify" the heat. Geothermal heat exceeding 150 °C (302 °F) is typically used for geothermal power generation. [6] In 2004 more than half of direct geothermal heat was used for space heating, and a third was used for spas. [1]
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes.
At least twelve steam pipe explosions have occurred in New York City since 1987. [9] The most recent major incident was the 2018 steam pipe explosion which occurred in the Flatiron District and forced the evacuation of 49 buildings. [10] [11] The explosion released concrete, asphalt, "asbestos-containing material" and mud into the air. The ...
The most common heat pipe for electronics thermal management has a copper envelope and wick, with water as the working fluid. Copper/methanol is used if the heat pipe needs to operate below the freezing point of water, and aluminum/ammonia heat pipes are used for electronics cooling in space.