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The magic SysRq key is a key combination understood by the Linux kernel, which allows the user to perform various low-level commands regardless of the system's state. It is often used to recover from freezes , or to reboot a computer without corrupting the filesystem . [ 1 ]
In FreeBSD and DragonFly BSD it can be changed before rebooting the system with the command nextboot -o "-s" -k kernel, and its bootloader offers the option on bootup to start in single-user mode. In Solaris the command reboot -- -s will cause a reboot into single-user mode. macOS users can accomplish this by holding down ⌘ S after powering ...
Single-user mode, all filesystems unmounted but not root, all processes except console processes killed 2: Multi-user mode 3: Multi-user mode with RFS (and NFS in Release 4) filesystems exported 4: Multi-user, User-definable 5: Go to firmware 6: Reboot s, S: Identical to 1, except current terminal acts as the system console
A terminal multiplexer can be thought of as a text version of graphical window managers, or as a way of putting attach virtual terminals to any login session.It is a wrapper that allows multiple text programs to run at the same time, and provides features that allow the user to use the programs within a single interface productively.
The Unix command su, which stands for 'substitute user' [1] [2] (or historically 'superuser' [3] [4]), is used by a computer user to execute commands with the privileges of another user account. When executed it invokes a shell without changing the current working directory or the user environment.
time — Run command line and report real, user, and system time elapsed in seconds. timeout — Run command line as a child process, sending child a signal if the command doesn't exit soon enough. top — Show process activity in real time. touch — Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time. true — Return zero.
JP Software command-line processors provide user-configurable colorization of file and directory names in directory listings based on their file extension and/or attributes through an optionally defined %COLORDIR% environment variable. For the Unix/Linux shells, this is a feature of the ls command and the terminal.
After authentication, and if the configuration file permits the user access, the system invokes the requested command. sudo retains the user's invocation rights through a grace period (typically 5 minutes) per pseudo terminal, allowing the user to execute several successive commands as the requested user without having to provide a password again.