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Christian and Moor playing chess, from The Book of Games of Alfonso X, c. 1285. The term Moor is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim populations of the Maghreb, al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula), Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. [1]
The Moorish sovereign movement, sometimes called the indigenous sovereign movement or the Rise of the Moors, is a small sub-group of sovereign that mainly holds to the teachings of the Moorish Science Temple of America, in that African Americans are descendants of the Moabites and thus are "Moorish" by nationality, and Islamic by faith.
Today, more than two and a half million Maghrebi immigrants live in France, many from Algeria and Morocco. In addition, as of 1999 there were 3 million French of Maghrebi origin (defined as having at least one grandparent from Algeria, Morocco, or Tunisia). [35] A 2003 estimate suggests six million French residents were ethnic Maghrebi. [36] [37]
While the Moors chose to leave Spain and emigrate to North Africa, the Moriscos accepted Christianity and gained certain cultural and legal privileges for doing so. [ 42 ] Many Moriscos became devout in their new Christian faith, [ 43 ] and in Granada, some Moriscos were killed by Muslims for refusing to renounce Christianity. [ 44 ]
Romans referred to the indigenous tribes of Mauretania as Mauri, or "Moors." [13] [19] [39] Indigenous North African tribes, along with other populations, were referred to as "Moors" by medieval Europeans. [40] The historical interchangeability between "Berbers" and "Moors" is a subject of academic inquiry. [19]
A number of other Moorish remnants are still visible in Gibraltar today. A hamam or bath-house, similar to examples in Fez in Morocco, was built in the lower town; its remnants can still be seen today incorporated into the Gibraltar Museum. It was built using Roman and Visigothic capitals, perhaps salvaged from the nearby ruined city of Carteia ...
Many Sri Lankan Moors are Marakkars, and share the same history with Tamil Nadu Marakkars in particular, and Marakkars from Kerala.This can be seen from the large number of prominent Sri Lankan Moors who hold the surname of Marikkar (and its variations) and through the extremely strong linguistic and cultural similarities held by these communities. [13]
The Moors who remained Muslims were known as Mudéjar. [12] Many of the Moriscos, in contrast, were devout in their new Christian faith, [ 13 ] and in Granada , many Moriscos even became Christian martyrs , and were killed by Muslims for refusing to renounce Christianity. [ 14 ]