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  2. List of musical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_musical_symbols

    Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...

  3. Pitch space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_space

    The simplest pitch space model is the real line. A fundamental frequency f is mapped to a real number p according to the equation = + ⁡ (/) This creates a linear space in which octaves have size 12, semitones (the distance between adjacent keys on the piano keyboard) have size 1, and middle C is assigned the number 60, as it is in MIDI. 440 Hz is the standard frequency of 'concert A', which ...

  4. Pitch class space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_class_space

    In music theory, pitch-class space is the circular space representing all the notes (pitch classes) in a musical octave. In this space, there is no distinction between tones separated by an integral number of octaves. For example, C4, C5, and C6, though different pitches, are represented by the same point in pitch class space.

  5. Berklee method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berklee_method

    For example, Berklee Music Theory - Book 2 recommends the following accompaniment for a given lead sheet, [2] while this progression does not occur in common practice theory since all the chords are seventh chords and unprepared dissonant. Accompaniment acceptable in the Berklee method [2] but not in common practice theory. Play ⓘ

  6. Circle of fifths - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_fifths

    In music theory, the circle of fifths (sometimes also cycle of fifths) is a way of organizing pitches as a sequence of perfect fifths. Starting on a C, and using the standard system of tuning for Western music (12-tone equal temperament), the sequence is: C, G, D, A, E, B, F ♯ /G ♭, C ♯ /D ♭, G ♯ /A ♭, D ♯ /E ♭, A ♯ /B ♭, F ...

  7. Neo-Riemannian theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Riemannian_theory

    Neo-Riemannian theory is a loose collection of ideas present in the writings of music theorists such as David Lewin, Brian Hyer, Richard Cohn, and Henry Klumpenhouwer. What binds these ideas is a central commitment to relating harmonies directly to each other, without necessary reference to a tonic .

  8. Schenkerian analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schenkerian_analysis

    Schenker intended his theory as an exegesis of musical "genius" or the "masterwork", ideas that were closely tied to German nationalism and monarchism. [5] The canon represented in his analytical work therefore is almost entirely made up of German music of the common practice period (especially that of Johann Sebastian Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ...

  9. Fundamental structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_structure

    The fundamental line fills in the spaces created by the descending arpeggiation of the tonic triad. Its first tone (primary tone, head tone) may be , or . There are no tonal spaces other than those of —, —, and —. There is no other origin for passing-tone progressions, or of melody. [4]