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In geometry, a bigon, [1] digon, or a 2-gon, is a polygon with two sides and two vertices.Its construction is degenerate in a Euclidean plane because either the two sides would coincide or one or both would have to be curved; however, it can be easily visualised in elliptic space.
The blend of two polygons P and Q, written P#Q, can be constructed as follows: take the cartesian product of their vertices V P × V Q. add edges (p 0 × q 0, p 1 × q 1) where (p 0, p 1) is an edge of P and (q 0, q 1) is an edge of Q. select an arbitrary connected component of the result.
If a geometric shape can be used as a prototile to create a tessellation, the shape is said to tessellate or to tile the plane. The Conway criterion is a sufficient, but not necessary, set of rules for deciding whether a given shape tiles the plane periodically without reflections: some tiles fail the criterion, but still tile the plane. [19]
Tessellations of euclidean and hyperbolic space may also be considered regular polytopes. Note that an 'n'-dimensional polytope actually tessellates a space of one dimension less. For example, the (three-dimensional) platonic solids tessellate the 'two'-dimensional 'surface' of the sphere.
Lists of shapes cover different types of geometric shape and related topics. They include mathematics topics and other lists of shapes, such as shapes used by drawing ...
Although a cube is the only regular polyhedron that admits of tessellation, many non-regular 3-dimensional shapes can tessellate, such as the truncated octahedron. The second part of Hilbert's eighteenth problem asked for a single polyhedron tiling Euclidean 3-space , such that no tiling by it is isohedral (an anisohedral tile).
Therefore, the second problem is that this nomenclature is not unique for each tessellation. In order to solve those problems, GomJau-Hogg’s notation [ 3 ] is a slightly modified version of the research and notation presented in 2012, [ 2 ] about the generation and nomenclature of tessellations and double-layer grids.
This is a list of two-dimensional geometric shapes in Euclidean and other geometries. For mathematical objects in more dimensions, see list of mathematical shapes. For a broader scope, see list of shapes.