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All enlargers consist of a light source, normally an incandescent light bulb shining though a condenser or translucent screen to provide even illumination, a holder for the negative or transparency, and a specialized lens for projection, though some, such as the Rapid Rectilinear or Aplanat [citation needed] could be used in both camera and enlarger.
A number of photographers, inventors and photographic businesses contributed to the design development of the solar camera. An antecedent was the solar microscope of c.1740, [5] employed in experiments with photosensitive silver nitrate by Thomas Wedgwood and Humphry Davy in making the first, but impermanent, photographic enlargements.
The first involved printing a light photographic positive on salted paper using a toned or bleached negative to lower the contrast. The other, producing what is generally referred to as a “crayon enlargement”, [2] [3] was to use a magic lantern to project the photograph onto the rear of drawing paper or a canvas. [4]
Known equally, though later, as a solar enlarger, the solar camera is a photographic application of the solar microscope and an ancestor of the darkroom enlarger, and was used, mostly by portrait photographers and as an aid to portrait artists, in the mid-to-late 19th century [38] to make photographic enlargements from negatives using the Sun ...
Photographic processing or photographic development is the chemical means by which photographic film or paper is treated after photographic exposure to produce a negative or positive image. Photographic processing transforms the latent image into a visible image, makes this permanent and renders it insensitive to light.
This enlargement is quantified by a size ratio called optical magnification. When this number is less than one, it refers to a reduction in size, sometimes called de-magnification . Typically, magnification is related to scaling up visuals or images to be able to see more detail, increasing resolution , using microscope , printing techniques ...
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