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Routing protocols, according to the OSI routing framework, are layer management protocols for the network layer, regardless of their transport mechanism: IS-IS runs on the data link layer (Layer 2) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is encapsulated in IP, but runs only on the IPv4 subnet, while the IPv6 version runs on the link using only link ...
IP forwarding algorithms in most routing software determine a route through a shortest path algorithm. In routers, packets arriving at an interface are examined for source and destination addressing and queued to the appropriate outgoing interface according to their destination address and a set of rules and performance metrics.
The current namespace architecture used by the Internet Protocol uses IP addresses for two separate functions: as an end-point identifier to uniquely identify a network interface within its local network addressing context; as a locator for routing purposes, to identify where a network interface is located within a larger routing context
Their IP Switching technology, which was defined only to work over ATM, did not achieve market dominance. Cisco Systems introduced a related proposal, not restricted to ATM transmission, called Tag Switching [7] with its Tag Distribution Protocol (TDP). [8] It was a Cisco proprietary proposal, and was renamed Label Switching.
Several routing protocols e.g. IS-IS, OSPF and BGP maintain internal databases of candidate routes which are promoted when a route fails or when a routing policy is changed. Several different information sources may provide information about a route to a given destination, but the router must select the "best" route to install into the routing ...
Otherwise, it will take precedence over all routing protocols and routes issued from a routing protocol will not be inserted into the routing table. [3] The example below shows how to configure the administrative distance to 254 to specify that it should only be used as a last resort. R1(config)# ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 backupLink 1 254
Static routing may have the following uses: When using static address configuration (in the absence of DHCP or Router Advertisements) it can be used to provide a default route, forming a special case of the longest prefix match as it has a prefix length of zero and therefore always matches, and always matches last.
This is in contrast to exterior gateway protocols, primarily Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), which is used for routing between autonomous systems. [5] IS-IS is a link-state routing protocol, operating by reliably flooding link state information throughout a network of routers. Each IS-IS router independently builds a database of the network's ...