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Planktotrophic larvae feed while they are in the water column and can be over a long time pelagic and so disperse over long distances. This disperse ability is a key adaptation of benthic marine invertebrates. [3] Planktotrophic larvae feed on phytoplankton and small zooplankton, including other larvae. Planktotrophic development is the most ...
Caddisfly larvae can be found in all feeding guilds in freshwater habitats. Most early stage larvae and some late stage ones are collector-gatherers, picking up fragments of organic matter from the benthos. Other species are collector-filterers, sieving organic particles from the water using silken nets, or hairs on their legs.
Some larvae are dependent on adults to feed them. In many eusocial Hymenoptera species, the larvae are fed by female workers. In Ropalidia marginata (a paper wasp) the males are also capable of feeding larvae but they are much less efficient, spending more time and getting less food to the larvae. [4]
The larvae of Diptera feed on a diverse array of nutrients ; often these are different from those of adults, for instance the larvae of Syrphidae in which family the adults are flower-feeding are saprotrophs, eating decaying plant or animal matter, or insectivores, eating aphids, thrips, and other plant-sucking insects.
As the larvae of ascidian tunicates don't feed at all, [8] the larvae of doliolids goes through their metamorphosis while still inside the egg, [9] and salps and pyrosomes have both lost the larval stage, [10] it makes the larvaceans the only tunicates that feed and have fully functional internal organs during their tailed "tadpole stage ...
Feeding or non-feeding veligers are possible, depending on which species has produced them. In a feeding veliger, the newly hatched larval stage is, in most cases, relatively "undeveloped" and must feed on phytoplankton for weeks to months to develop to the point where it can metamorphose. During the larval period, the veliger grows and ...
The larval form is not capable of feeding, though it may have a rudimentary digestive system, [53] and is only a dispersal mechanism. Many physical changes occur to the tunicate's body during metamorphosis , one of the most significant being the reduction of the cerebral ganglion, which controls movement and is the equivalent of the vertebrate ...
Many Heliconius butterflies also use their proboscis to feed on pollen; [57] in these species only 20% of the amino acids used in reproduction come from larval feeding, which allow them to develop more quickly as caterpillars, and gives them a longer lifespan of several months as adults. [58] The thorax of the butterfly is devoted to locomotion.