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Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also known as surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD), [2] and previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs.
Severe deficiency of pulmonary surfactant due to disturbed metabolism of any of these proteins can lead to some form of interstitial lung disease in newborns and adults. These conditions share similar pathophysiology and overlapping phenotypes because surfactant gene products interactively communicate and control one another. [ 3 ]
Pulmonary surfactant is used as a medication to treat and prevent respiratory distress syndrome in newborn babies. [1] Prevention is generally done in babies born at a gestational age of less than 32 weeks. [1] It is given by the endotracheal tube. [1] Onset of effects is rapid. [2] A number of doses may be needed. [2]
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) is caused by lack of surfactant, commonly seen in premature babies born before 28–32 weeks of gestation. [citation needed] Congenital surfactant deficiency; Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis; Surfactant metabolism dysfunction
The lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio is a marker of fetal lung maturity. The outward flow of pulmonary secretions from the fetal lungs into the amniotic fluid maintains the level of lecithin and sphingomyelin equally until 32–33 weeks gestation, when the lecithin concentration begins to increase significantly while sphingomyelin remains nearly the same.
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John Allen Clements (March 16, 1923 – September 3, 2024) was an American physician and physiologist known for his role in the discovery of pulmonary surfactant, a crucial factor in the development of life-saving treatments for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. His research revolutionized the care of premature infants, greatly reducing ...
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