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Shone’s syndrome is a rare disorder that is often detected in very young children. The children tend to show symptoms like fatigue, nocturnal cough, and reduced cardiac output by the age of two years. They also develop wheezing due to the exudation of fluid into the lungs. [1]
Just as the photon, Z and W ± bosons are superpositions of the B 0, W 0, W 1, and W 2 fields, the photino, zino, and wino ± are superpositions of the bino 0, wino 0, wino 1, and wino 2. No matter if one uses the original gauginos or this superpositions as a basis, the only predicted physical particles are neutralinos and charginos as a ...
A conformal anomaly, scale anomaly, trace anomaly or Weyl anomaly is an anomaly, i.e. a quantum phenomenon that breaks the conformal symmetry of the classical theory.. In quantum field theory when we set to zero we have only Feynman tree diagrams, which is a "classical" theory (equivalent to the Fredholm formulation of a classical field theory).
Congenital heart anomaly, congenital heart disease: The normal structure of the heart (left) in comparison to two common locations for a ventricular septal defect (right), the most common form of congenital heart defect [1] Specialty: Cardiology: Symptoms: Rapid breathing, bluish skin, poor weight gain, feeling tired [2] Complications: Heart ...
This article describes the mathematics of the Standard Model of particle physics, a gauge quantum field theory containing the internal symmetries of the unitary product group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1). The theory is commonly viewed as describing the fundamental set of particles – the leptons, quarks, gauge bosons and the Higgs boson.
BRST quantization is a differential geometric approach to performing consistent, anomaly-free perturbative calculations in a non-abelian gauge theory. The analytical form of the BRST "transformation" and its relevance to renormalization and anomaly cancellation were described by Carlo Maria Becchi, Alain Rouet, and Raymond Stora in a series of papers culminating in the 1976 "Renormalization of ...
For a Riemann surface, a Lie group, and a (generally complex) number, let us define the -WZW model on at the level . The model is a nonlinear sigma model whose action is a functional of a field γ : Σ → G {\displaystyle \gamma :\Sigma \to G} :
The fundamental strings of string theory are two-dimensional surfaces. A quantum field theory known as the N = (1,1) sigma model is defined on each surface. This theory consist of maps from the surface to a supermanifold. Physically the supermanifold is interpreted as spacetime and each map is interpreted as the embedding of the string in ...