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  2. Rutherford scattering experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_scattering...

    For the metal foil, they tested a variety of metals, but favoured gold because they could make the foil very thin, as gold is the most malleable metal. [15]: 127 As a source of alpha particles, Rutherford's substance of choice was radium, which is thousands of times more radioactive than uranium. [16]

  3. Discovery of the neutron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_the_neutron

    Now called the Rutherford gold foil experiment, or the Geiger–Marsden experiment, these measurements made the extraordinary discovery that although most alpha particles passing through a thin gold foil experienced little deflection, a few scattered to a high angle. The scattering indicated that some of the alpha particles ricocheted back from ...

  4. Fixed-target experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-target_experiment

    [1] [2] These experiments are distinct from the collider-type experiments in which two moving particle beams are accelerated and collided. The famous Rutherford gold foil experiment , performed between 1908 and 1913, was one of the first fixed-target experiments, in which the alpha particles were targeted at a thin gold foil.

  5. Crookes tube - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crookes_tube

    Crookes X-ray tube from around 1910 Another Crookes x-ray tube. The device attached to the neck of the tube (right) is an "osmotic softener". When the voltage applied to a Crookes tube is high enough, around 5,000 volts or greater, [16] it can accelerate the electrons to a high enough velocity to create X-rays when they hit the anode or the glass wall of the tube.

  6. List of experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_experiments

    Ørsted experiment (1820): Hans Christian Ørsted demonstrates the connection of electricity and magnetism by experiments involving a compass and electric circuits. Discovery of electromagnetic induction (1831): Michael Faraday discovers magnetic induction in an experiment with a closed ring of soft iron, with two windings of wire.

  7. Timeline of scientific experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_scientific...

    1909 – Robert Millikan: oil-drop experiment which suggests that electric charge occurs as quanta (the electron). 1911 – Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment determines that atoms are mostly empty space, and that the core of each atom, which he named the atomic nucleus, is dense and positively charged [1]

  8. Diamond anvil cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_anvil_cell

    The operation of the diamond anvil cell relies on a simple principle: =, where p is the pressure, F the applied force, and A the area. Typical culet sizes for diamond anvils are 100–250 micrometres (μm), such that a very high pressure is achieved by applying a moderate force on a sample with a small area, rather than applying a large force on a large area.

  9. Arago's rotations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arago's_rotations

    They also made experiments upon varying the distance between the copper plate and the magnet, and varying the diameter and thickness of the copper disk. Experiments were made upon various metals, and the torque was found to vary as the conductivity of the metal as far as the latter could be judged after being rolled into the form of plate. Messrs.

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