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The broad crested weir at the Thorp grist mill in Thorp, Washington, US. Commonly, weirs are used to prevent flooding, measure water discharge, and help render rivers more navigable by boat. In some locations, the terms dam and weir are synonymous, but normally there is a clear distinction made between the structures. Usually, a dam is designed ...
The derived equations above will always underestimate actual flow since both the derived C and n values are lower than their respective chart values. For the Parshall flume equation used to calculate the flow rate, both empirical values C and n are known constants (with various values for each Parshall flume size) leaving Ha (depth upstream) as ...
A. Mahdavi and N. Talebbeydokhti, 2015, propose a hybrid algorithm for implementation of solid boundary condition and simulate flow over a sharp crested weir [20] S. Tavakkol et al., 2016, develop curvSPH, which makes the horizontal and vertical size of particles independent and generates uniform mass distribution along curved boundaries [21]
In a nozzle or other constriction, the discharge coefficient (also known as coefficient of discharge or efflux coefficient) is the ratio of the actual discharge to the ideal discharge, [1] i.e., the ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which expands an identical working fluid from the same initial conditions to the same exit pressures.
The equations define the two-dimensional profile of the nose shape. The full body of revolution of the nose cone is formed by rotating the profile around the centerline C ⁄ L . While the equations describe the "perfect" shape, practical nose cones are often blunted or truncated for manufacturing, aerodynamic, or thermodynamic reasons.
The geometry of a weir dictates the coefficient of discharge that passes through the crest, which is proportional to the nappe formation. [9] Engineers solve for the amount of discharge and the cross sectional area of a river to calculate the adequate shape of the weir that should be implemented.
There are also man-made hydraulic jumps created by devices like weirs or sluice gates. In general, a hydraulic jump may be used to dissipate energy, to mix chemicals, or to act as an aeration device. [1] [2] To produce equations describing the jump, since there is an unknown energy loss, there is a need to apply conservation of momentum. [3]
The velocity of the surface can by related to the outflow velocity by the continuity equation =, where is the orifice's cross section and is the (cylindrical) vessel's cross section. Renaming v 2 {\displaystyle v_{2}} to v A {\displaystyle v_{A}} (A like Aperture) gives: