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However, diabetes does cause higher morbidity, mortality and operative risks with these conditions. [41] Diabetic foot, often due to a combination of sensory neuropathy (numbness or insensitivity) and vascular damage, increases rates of skin ulcers (diabetic foot ulcers) and infection and, in serious cases, necrosis and gangrene. It is why it ...
Therefore, continuous observation of the heart rate is recommended, [6] [39] as well as repeated measurement of the potassium levels and addition of potassium to the intravenous fluids once levels fall below 5.3 mmol/L. If potassium levels fall below 3.3 mmol/L, insulin administration may need to be interrupted to allow correction of the ...
Raising the serum sodium concentration too rapidly may cause central pontine myelinolysis (also known as osmotic demyelination). [18] Sodium correction should be no greater than 10 mEq/L/day, with a correction no greater than 8 mEq/L/day in those at high risk of osmotic demyelination. [2]
Chronic hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) injures the heart in patients without a history of heart disease or diabetes and is strongly associated with heart attacks and death in subjects with no coronary heart disease or history of heart failure. [22] Also, a life-threatening consequence of hyperglycemia can be nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome. [16]
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a disorder of the heart muscle in people with diabetes.It can lead to inability of the heart to circulate blood through the body effectively, a state known as heart failure(HF), [2] with accumulation of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema) or legs (peripheral edema).
In the case of diabetic autonomic neuropathy, it is due to the failure of the heart and arteries to appropriately adjust heart rate and vascular tone to keep blood continually and fully flowing to the brain. This symptom is usually accompanied by a loss of respiratory sinus arrhythmia – the usual change in heart rate seen with normal ...
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Potassium replacement is often required as the metabolic problems are corrected. [3] Efforts to prevent diabetic foot ulcers are also important. [3] It typically takes a few days for the person to return to baseline. [3] While the exact frequency of the condition is unknown, it is relatively common. [2] [4] Older people are most commonly ...