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Rotational vertebral artery syndrome (sometimes referred to as Bow Hunter's Syndrome) results from vertebral artery compression on rotating the neck. [7] The commonest cause is a bone spur from a cervical vertebra, in combination with disease in the opposite vertebral artery. Rotational vertebral artery syndrome is rare.
The proximal part of left subclavian is blocked (shaded artery). This prevents antegrade ("forward") flow to the left arm and left vertebral. As a result, flow in the left vertebral is retrograde ("backwards") towards the left arm. Flow to the brain and circle of Willis is via antegrade right and left carotid and right vertebral arteries. Specialty
Scimitar syndrome, or congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome, is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by anomalous venous return from the right lung (to the systemic venous drainage, rather than directly to the left atrium). [1] This anomalous pulmonary venous return can be either partial (PAPVR) or total (TAPVR).
Normally, vertebral artery blood flow velocity can be 63.6 ± 17.5 cm/s during PSV and 16.1 ± 5.1 cm/s during EDV according to a study done by Kuhl et al. [16] Due to vertebral artery dominance, measurements can vary on both sides, for example, another study by Seidel et al. found that the right side had an average of 45.9 cm/s and the left ...
The fetal carotid origin of the PCA usually regresses as the vertebral and basilar arteries become dominant and it finds a new origin in the basilar artery. About 20% of adults retain PCA origin from the posterior communicating artery, and in turn, the internal carotid arteries. [4]
When the right side of the heart is more underdeveloped than the left side, this is known as hypoplastic right heart syndrome. HRHS is known for the pulmonary valve, the tricuspid valve, right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery all failing to form properly. HRHS also causes the right ventricle to be a fair amount smaller than the left side. [3]
This is a shortened version of the fourteenth chapter of the ICD-9: Congenital Anomalies. It covers ICD codes 740 to 759. The full chapter can be found on pages 417 to 437 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1.
The left side of the heart is more muscular than the right side of the heart. It pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs into the aorta to perfuse the rest of the body. [ 4 ] When the heart has to pump against increased resistance, or afterload , as in the case of a ventricular obstruction, it compensates by growing in size.