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Abitur (German pronunciation: [abiˈtuːɐ] ⓘ), often shortened colloquially to Abi, is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Germany.It is conferred on students who pass their final exams at the end of ISCED 3, usually after twelve or thirteen years of schooling (see also, for Germany, Abitur after twelve years).
In Saxony and Thuringia it is already a long established norm to take the Abitur after twelve years. [1] The principal argument for the reduction is the comparatively long times for vocational education in Germany. Some federal states have already reversed the reform even though sound academic insights into its effects are scarce. [2]
In 1810, during the Napoleonic Wars, Prussia introduced state certification requirements for teachers, which significantly raised the standard of teaching. The final examination, Abitur, was introduced in 1788, implemented in all Prussian secondary schools by 1812 and extended to all of Germany in 1871. The state also established teacher ...
The resulting value is rounded to the next German grade (e.g. 1.6 is rounded to the German grade 1.7 and 2.4 is rounded to 2.3). For resulting values between two German grades, the score is rounded to the better grade (e.g. 2.5 is rounded to the German grade 2.3 and 1.15 is rounded to 1.0).
Abitur – Test for German students who want to apply to a university. TMS – Test for Medical Studies, used by most medical colleges in Germany. PhaST – Pharmaceutical Studies Aptitude Test, used for most pharmaceutical study programmes.
An Abendgymnasium or "evening gymnasium" is a German class of secondary school for adults over the age of 18 which allows them to gain the Abitur. They were started in the 1920s as an opportunity for working class adults to improve their career options.
A Kolleg (German [ˈkɔleːɡ] from Latin collegium) in Germany is a three-year school of adult education, preparing students for the exams leading to the general university entrance qualification, the Abitur (Allgemeine Hochschulreife). Different from the otherwise similar German evening school, Abendgymnasium, Kolleg classes are in the ...
(Germany) Abitur, Matura. (France) Baccalauréat, vocational school. (Netherlands) Voorbereidend wetenschappelijk onderwijs. (Italy) Matura (Spain) Bachillerato. Level 5 [Note 1] Comprehensive, specialised, factual and theoretical knowledge within a field of work or study and an awareness of the boundaries of that knowledge